gRPC and Protocol Buffers in plain words, and where REST still wins.
Why services inside a system often talk gRPC instead of JSON over HTTP, what a .proto file gives you, and where REST still fits.
When a system is split into services, they spend a lot of time calling each other. gRPC is a common choice for those internal calls, and it is built on Protocol Buffers.
With gRPC you describe each service in a .proto file: its methods, and the exact shape of every request and response. Code for clients and servers is generated from that file. Both sides share one source of truth, so a mismatch shows up when you build, not in production.
Protocol Buffers encode messages in a compact binary format, and gRPC runs over HTTP/2, which keeps connections open and can carry many calls at once. For chatty traffic between services, that adds up.
Besides a normal request and response, gRPC supports streams from the server, from the client, or both ways. That suits long searches, live updates and anything that produces results over time.
Browsers and outside partners are easier to serve with REST and JSON. A common layout is gRPC between internal services and a REST or GraphQL gateway at the edge, translating for the outside world.
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